间隙配合变轨距轮对与轨道间瞬态滚滑接触模拟研究

变轨距技术是实现不同轨距铁路联运的重要手段，我国相关研究仍在起步阶段。基于显式有限元法，建立包含渐开线花键副的三维变轨距轮对-轨道耦合瞬态分析模型，于时域内模拟速度高至400 km/h下的瞬态轮轨滚滑和花键间动态接触行为及其相互影响。模型充分考虑轮轨和花键副三维几何、系统高频结构振动等，引入时变牵引/制动转矩，采用集成库仑摩擦定律的"面-面"接触算法求解轮轨接触和花键接触。假设圆柱直齿渐开线花键，齿数取32，齿侧间隙恒0.1 mm，无激励下模拟结果表明，花键副的存在使得轮轨力波动范围大于传统轮对，例如，400 km/h下法向轮轨力波动幅值增加静载的3.7%。时速400 km/h和牵引系数0.05下，内外花键的径向和角向偏置使得花键左、右两侧各存在1个位置相对固定的承载区，各涉及5~6个键齿，承载面分别为II和I键齿工作面。瞬态法、切向接触应力极值发生在靠近一系悬挂侧的齿根或齿顶部，典型值分别为102 MPa和4.6 MPa，任一键齿的应力极值因不断有键齿进出承载区而波动上升和下降。牵引系数0.3时，左侧承载区消失，右侧承载区扩至18个键齿，相同时刻下的法、切向接触应力极值因承载齿数和总接触面积增加变为89 MPa和5.2 MPa。为变轨距机构中花键的强度和动力学分析及相关设计提供精确模拟手段。     

基于机器视觉的玻璃缺陷检测

随着科学技术的进步,高端显示屏产品对平板玻璃的质量要求越来越高,玻璃的表面缺陷检测技术也因此备受关注。传统的人眼检测方法工作量大且准确率低,已经无法满足生产实际要求。研究了一种基于机器视觉的玻璃质量检测系统,采用先进的CCD成像技术和背光式照明获取图像,用MATLAB图像处理工具箱对采集到的图像进行灰度值化、滤波降噪和阈值分割处理,实现对缺陷区域的特征提取和识别。最后用BP神经网络对玻璃表面的三种缺陷进行分类,该神经网络识别的平均误差率为9.84%,表明此检测方法具有一定的应用价值。     

Compressive behavior and energy absorption of polymeric lattice structures made by additive manufacturing

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering - Lattice structures have numerous outstanding characteristics, such as light weight, high strength, excellent shock resistance, and highly efficient heat...     

含Mo的PVD涂层结构及其摩擦学特性的研究进展

从含Mo元素的代表性涂层入手,综述了二元、三元再到多元含Mo系列PVD涂层的研究现状和进展,探究了不同元素添加、不同制备参数等对涂层微观结构、力学性能和摩擦学性能等的影响。在涂层组分从二元发展到多元的过程中,改变掺杂元素种类、含量,制备参数会引起涂层微观结构的变化进而提升涂层力学性能和摩擦学性能。涂层性能的改善,有利于增强对机械设备中关键传动零部件的保护,延长机械设备使用寿命,对军工及社会发展具有重大意义。     

无色分散剂在聚合物多元醇中的应用研究

使用自制的具有特殊双键结构、低黏度、无色透明分散剂(BDF-4)合成高固含量普通聚合物多元醇(POP)。实验表明,采用BDF-4合成的聚合物多元醇,不仅黏度低、粒子细腻,而且水溶性很好;同时,由于分散剂特殊的结构使得所制备的聚氨酯软泡具有较高的承载力。     

天津市地下水生态系统服务价值演变

基于千年生态系统评估对生态系统服务的分类方法，将天津市地下水生态系统服务功能划分为供给、调节、 支持和文化 4 个方面，以此为基础建立地下水生态系统服务价值评估指标体系，采用价值量评估方法构建货币化 的价值评估模型，对地下水生态系统服务价值进行测算，并重点分析南水北调中线工程通水前后天津市地下水生 态系统服务价值演变特征。结果表明：2008—2019 年，天津市地下水生态系统年均总服务价值为 83.71 亿元，其 中，南水北调中线工程通水前（2008—2014 年）为 69.81 亿元，通水后（2015—2019 年）为 103.18 亿元；通水后，地 下水调节服务价值、支持服务价值增大，供给服务价值减小；南水北调中线工程对地下水生态系统服务价值的贡 献呈增大趋势，由 2015 年 2.64 亿元增加至 2019 年 24.01 亿元。     

川中地区龙王庙组颗粒滩储层关键参数计算及评价

四川盆地乐山-龙女寺古隆起中段下古生界寒武系龙王庙组主要为局限台地沉积,优质储层主要分布于颗粒滩亚相.颗粒滩储层经历多期改造作用,为典型的深埋藏滩相岩溶储集层,呈现孔隙度低、非均质性强、孔隙结构复杂的特点.从岩心入手,结合高分辨电成像测井资料,根据滩相沉积学理论,建立龙王庙组颗粒滩相识别模式.利用特殊的处理技术,建立储层溶洞、孔隙结构和渗滤能力3个关键参数的计算和评价方法,构建储层品质分级评价模型及标准,并在100余口井的实践中效果显著,测井解释符合率达95.8％.该技术方法为中国单体规模最大的特大型海相碳酸盐岩整装气藏的发现和探明提供支撑.     

Compositional and structural study of ash deposits spatially distributed in superheaters of a large biomass-fired CFB boiler

Recognizing the nature and formation progress of the ash deposits is essential to resolve the deposition problem hindering the wide application of large-scale biomass-fired boilers. Therefore, the ash deposits in the superheaters of a 220 t/h biomass-fired CFB boiler were studied, including the platen (PS), the high-temperature (HTS), the upper and the lower low-temperature superheaters (LTS). The results showed that the deposits in the PSs and HTSs were thin (several millimeters) and compact, consisting of a yellow outer layer and snow-white inner layer near the tube surface. The deposits in the upper LTS appeared to be toughly sintered ceramic, while those in the lower LTS were composed of dispersive coarse ash particles with an unsintered surface. Detailed characterization of the cross-section and the initial layers in the deposits revealed that the dominating compositions in both the PSs and the HTSs were Cl and K (approximately 70%) in the form of KCl. Interestingly, the cross-section of the deposition in the upper LTS exhibited a unique lamellar structure with a major composition of Ca and S. The contents of Ca and Si increased from approximately 10% to approximately 60% in the deposits from the high temperature surfaces to the low temperature ones. It was concluded that the vaporized mineral matter such as KCl played the most important role in the deposition progress in the PS and the HTS. In addition, although the condensation of KCl in the LTSs also happened, the deposition of ash particles played a more important role.     

2.5 mm光伏玻璃物理钢化常见缺陷分析

上弯、下弯、弹弯、发软、S弯、破片是2.5mm光伏玻璃钢化生产过程中常见的缺陷,严重影响玻璃产质量.针对生产过程中的各类钢化缺陷,通过塞尺、直尺、金属线检测,分析其产生原因、找出相应的解决办法.     

Isolation,purification, and characterization of the globulin from wheat germ

This research optimized the extraction and purification of globulin from wheat germ and assessed the molecular weight distribution and structure properties of the globulin obtained. The results showed that the relative extraction efficiency and purity of wheat germ globulin (WGG) reached 18.0% and 89.1% under the enzymolysis conditions of 0.32‰ α-amylase, pH 6.5, and 55 °C. The maximal precipitation rate of WGG (91.3%) was obtained with pH 4.3 (acid precipitation). Additionally, the molecular weight of WGG was mainly distributed below 70 kDa. FT-IR confirmed that random coils (30.95%), β-sheet (27.02%), α-helix (26.55%), and β-turn (15.48%) were the secondary structures of WGG. Furthermore, LTQ mass spectrometry showed that WGG was rich in variety and high in complexity, which retrieved 1274 proteins belonging to 392 proteomes by inverse peptide analysis. The findings endow a great potential of preparing WGG with superior functionality for food applications.